nikaat.e.suKhan
By : Sarwar Raz Sarwar

3.0: Harf.e.avval
iss mazmoon meiN shaa’iree kee aam beHroN kaa bayaan mukammal kar diyaa jaaye gaa. ab tak jo buHoor zer.e.beHs aa chukee haiN un ke ilaava ka’ee aur buHoor musta’mil haiN jin meiN se kuChh bohat maqbool haiN. chaNd buHoor kaa mufassil bayaaN darj.e.zel hai.

3.1: beHr.e.muta'daarik: yeh Urdu shaa'iree kee aik nihaayat maqbool beHr hai. iss beHr ke arkaan yooN haiN:

faa-i-lun faa-i-lun faa-i-lun faa-i-lun

yeh beHr apnee musamman (aaTh ruknee) aur musamman-mudaa'if (ya'nee aisee aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN arkaan kee buniyaade taa'daad ko do.gunaa kar diyaa gayaa ho. ziyaadaa istaimaal kee gayee hai. Khusoosan is kee mudaa'if shakl bohat maqbool hai, shaayad is liye ke is meiN mooseeqiyat be.Had hai.

is beHr meiN is kaa saalim rukn :faa-i-lun: , us kaa :maKhboon: ziHaaf :fa-i-lun: aur us kaa :maqtoo': ziHaaf :fa-lun: aksar baaNdhe jaate haiN. in arkaan ko kisee tarteeb se bhee baaNdhaa jaa saktaa basharte.k her misre meiN :Huroof: baraabar hoN.

Huroof ke gin.ne kee aik hee tarkeeb muas'sar hai, aur voh yeh hai k aap saare arkaan Urdu rasm.e.Khat meiN likheN. maslan :fa-i-lun: aur :fa-lun: kee Roman shakleN bilkul muKhtalif haiN lekin in kee Urdu rasm.e.Khat meiN shakl aur Huroof kee ta'daad bilkul aik hee hai.

Roman shakl: fa-i-lun ( Huroof = 6)

Urdu shakl: fe (per zabar), ain (per zer), laam (per pesh), noon (saakin hai); (Huroof =4)

Roman shakl: fa-lun (Huroof =5)

Urdu shakl:fe (per zabar), ain (saakin hai), laam (per pesh), noon (saakin hai) (Huroof =4)

aap ne dekhaa k donoN arkaan meiN Huroof kee ta'daad aik hai ya'nee chaar (4). yeh ma'loomaat ham aage istaimaal kareN.ge! ab mashq ke taur per Urdu meiN yeh likhiye:

maf-ool ma-faa-eel ma-faa-eel fa-al

aur gin kar bataaiye k is naqshe meiN kitne Huroof haiN? agar aap kaa javaab bees (20) hai to aap :pass: ho gaye!

ab is beHr kee chaNd misaaleN dekhiye:

3.1.1: beHr.e.muta'daarik, musamman, saalim : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN is ke saalmin arkaan istaimaal kiye gaye haiN:

in butoN kee muHabbat bhee kyaa cheez hai
dillagee dillagee meiN Kudaa mil gayaa (Fana Kanpuri)

faa-i-lun faa-i-lun faa-i-lun faa-i-lun

in butoN ke muHab bat bhee kyaa cheez hai

dillagee dillagee meiN Khudaa mil gayaa

3.1.2: beHr.e.muta'daarik, musamman, saalim, mudaa'if : ya'nee is beHr kee voh shakl jis meiN is ke saalim arkaan do.gunee ta'daad meiN istaimaal kiye gaye haiN aur is taraH her misre meiN aaTh (8) arkaan aate haiN. misaal dekhiye:

(1) maut zaalim sahee, maut jaisee bhee ho
moTee jhooTee adaakaar hargiz naheeN

(2) maiN to kehtaa hoon ae sar.phiree zindigee
too gulaabee paree hai to saaGhar meiN Dhal (Salam Machlishehri)

(1) maut zaa lim sahee maut jai see bhee ho

faa-i-lun faa-i-lun faa-i-lun faa-i-lun

moTee jhoo Tee adaa kaar har giz naheeN

(2) maiN to keh taa hooN ae sar phiree zindigee

too gulaa bee paree hai to saa Ghar meiN Dhal

3.1.3: beHr.e.muta'daarik, musamman, maKhboon, mudaa'if : ya'nee beHr.e.muta'daarik kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN maKhboon ziHaaf apnee do.gunee ta'daad meiN istaimaal hue haiN. is taraH jaisaa k lafz :mudaa'if: kaa taqaaza hai her misre meiN aaTh arkaan hoNge. yeh bhee yaad rakhiye k is beHr meiN ziHaafaat kee ko'ee tarteeb muqarrar naheeN hai aur is silsile meiN aazaadee hai, albatta Huroof her misre meiN aik hee ta'daad meiN hone zarooree haiN:

Zafar aadamee us ko na jaaniye.gaa, ho voh kaisaa hee saaHib.e fehm.o.zakaa
jise aish meiN yaad.e.Khudaa na rahee, jise tesh meiN Khauf.e.Khudaa na rahaa (Shah Zafar)

fa-i-lun fa-i-lun fa-i-lun fai-l-un

(1)Zafar aa damee us ko na jaa niye gaa

ho voh kai saa hee saa Hib.e.feh m.o zakaa

(2)jise ai sh meiN yaa d.e Khudaa na rahee

jise te sh meiN Khau f.e Khudaa na rahaa

3.1.4: beHr.e.muta'daarik, musamman, maqtoo', maKhboon, mudaa'if : ya'nee beHr.e.muta'daarik kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN is ke bil.tarteeb :maqtoo': aur :maKhboon: ziHaafaat apnee mudaa'if soorat meiN istaimaal kiye gaye haiN. is se qabl yeh zikr ho chukaa hai k :faa-i-lun: kaa maqtoo' ziHaaf :fa-lun: hai aur is kaa maKhboon ziHaaf :fa-i-lun: hai. yeh isee tarteeb meiN is beHr meiN aayeN.ge aur in kee ta'daad her misre meiN do.gunee kar dee jaayegee. misaal dekhiye:

Tuk Hirs.o.havaa ko ChhoR miyaaN mat des bi.des phire maaraa
qazzaaq ajal kaa looTe hai din raat bajaa kar naqqaara (Nazir Akbarabadi)

(1) fa-lun fa-i-lun fa-lun fa-i-lun

Tuk Hir s.o havaa ko Chho R miyaaN

fa-lun fa-i-lun fa-i-lun fa-lun

mat de s bi.de s phire maaraa
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(2) fa-lun fa-i-lun fa-lun fa-lun

qazzaa q ajal kaa loo Te hai

fa-lun fa-i-lun fa-lun fa-lun

din raa t bajaa kar naq qaaraa

is marHale per aap rukn aur us ke neeche likhe hue fiqre kaa vazn milaa kar tasdeeq kar leN k donoN yaksaaN hee haiN.

3.2: beHr.e.mujtas : yeh aik maqbool aur moseeqiyat se bhar.poor beHr hai. iss ke afaa’eel yooN haiN:

mus-taf-i-lun faa-i-laa-tun mus-taf-i-lun faa-i-laa-tun

yeh beHr apnee saalim shakl meiN kabhee istaimaal naheeN hotee hai aur na hee is kee musaddas (Chhe ruknee) shakl hee musta'mil hai. goyaa yeh beHr sirf apnee muzaaHif shakl meiN hee baaNdhee jaatee hai. is kee aik nihaayat maqbool shakl darj.e.zail hai.

3.2.1: beHr.e.mujtas, musamman, maKhboon, meHzoof, maqtoo' : ya'nee beHr.e.mujtas kee voh aaTh-ruknee shakl jis meiN maKhboon, meHzoof aur maqtoo' ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se ash'aar meiN istaimal kiye gaye hoN. pehle in ziHaafaat se thoRee see vaaqifiyyat Haasil karnee zarooree hai:

(a) maKhbooN ziHaaf: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa pehlaa :alif: nikaal deN to :fa-i-laa-tun: bach rehtaa hai. yehee :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa maKhboon ziHaaf kehlaataa hai. isee taraH agar :mus-taf-i-lun: kee :seen: nikaal deN to :mu-taf-i-lun: bach jaataa hai jis ko :mu-faa-i-lun: keh dete haiN aur yehee :mus-taf-i-lun: kaa maKhboon ziHaaf hai.

(b) meHzoof ziHaaf: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa :tun: nikaal deN to :faa-i-laa: bach rehtaa hai jis ko :faa-i-lun: keh dete haiN aur yehee :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf kehlaataa hai. ab agar :faa-i-lun: kaa :noon: bhee nikaal diyaa jaaye to :faa-i-l: reh jaataa hai (laam per pesh ke saath!). agar :laam: ko ab saakin kar deejiye to :faa-i-l: bachaa jo :fa-lun: keh diyaa jaataa hai aur :maqtoo': ziHaaf ho jaataa hai. is taraH :fa-lun: ab meHzoof-maqtoo': ziHaaf huaa :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa! neeche kee misaal meiN yeh ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se baaNdhe gaye haiN:

(i) har aik baat pe kehte ho tum k too kyaa hai?
tumheeN kaho k yeh andaaz.e.guftugoo kyaa hai? (Ghalib)

mu-faa-i-lun fa-i-laa-tun mu-faa-i-lun fa-lun

har aik baa t pe kehte ho tum k too kyaa hai

tumheeN kaho k yeh andaaz.e guftugoo kyaa hai

is beHr meiN :fa-lun: aur :fa-i-lun: donoN ko istaimaal karne kee aazaadee hai, ya'nee misre kaa doosra rukn in meiN se ko'ee bhee ho saktaa hai aur is farq ko vazn kaa farq naheeN maanaa jaataa hai. is kee misaal Mirza Ghalib kee ooper kee Ghazal ke aik she'r se dee jaa saktee hai:

(ii) voh cheez jis ke liye ham ko ho bahisht azeez
sivaa'e baada.e.gulfaam.e.mishkboo kyaa hai (Ghalib)

is she'r kee taqtee' karte hue yeh yaad rakhiye k chooN.k lafz :azeez:
kee aaKhiree :ze: saakin hai is ko taqtee' meiN naheeN liyaa jaayegaa.
yeh bhee Khayaal rahe k :yaa'e maKhloot: (ya'nee aisee :ye: jo lafz kaa androonee Hissa hotee hai,maslan jis taraH :kyaa, kyoN: vaGhaira meiN hai) taqtee' meiN naheeN lee jaatee hai:

mu-faa-i-lun fa-i-laa-tun mu-faa-i-lun fa-i-lun

voh cheez jis ke liye ham ko ho bahish t azeez

mu-faa-i-lun fa-i-laa-tun mu-faa-i-lun fa-lun

sivaa'e baa da.e.gulfaa m.e.mishkboo kyaa hai

dekhiye k pehle misre kaa aaKhiree rukn :fa-i-lun: hai aur doosre kaa :fa-lun: aur is kee ijaazat hai.

3.2.2: beHr.e.mujtas, musamman, maKhboon : ya'nee beHr.e.mujtas kee voh aaTh.ruknee shakl jis meiN us kaa maKhboon ziHaaf istaimaal huaa hai. in ziHaafaat kee shakleN 3.2.1 meiN bayaan kar dee gayee haiN (:mus-taf-i-lunL: kaa ziHaaf :mu-faa-i-lun: aur :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa ziHaaf :fa-i-laa-tun-). misaal Haazir hai:

ajab nishaat se, jallaad ke, chale haiN ham, aage
k apne saa'e se sar, paa'ooN se hai do qadam aage (Ghalib)

mu-faa-i-lun fa-i-laa-tun mu-faa-i-lun fa-i-laa-tun

ajab nishaa t se jallaa d ke chale haiN hamaage

k apne saa' e se sar paa ooN se hai do qadamaage

Ghor keejiye k :ham aage: aur :qadam aage: meiN taqtee' kee Khaatir alfaaz ko yak.aavaaz kar ke milaa diyaa gayaa hai aur :hamaage, qadamaage: banaa kar taqtee' kee gayee hai.

3.3: beHr.e.mazaara' : yeh beHr kabhee apnee saalim shakl meiN istaimaal naheeN hotee hai. is kee musaddas shakl bhee musta'mal naheeN hai. goyaa is kee sirf musamman, muzaaHif shakleN hee baaNdhee jaatee haiN. is beHr ke arkaan darj.e.zail haiN:

mu-faa-ee-lun faa-i-laa-tun mu-faa-ee-lun faa-i-laa-tun

is beHr kee misaaleN dekhiye:

3.3.1: beHr.e.mazaara', musamman, aKhrab, makfoof, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN us ke aKhrab, makfoof aur meHzoo ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istaimaal kiye gaye hoN. in ziHaafaat kee tafseel yooN hai:

aKhrab: agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :meem: aur :noon: donoN nikaal deN to sirf :faa-ee-l: bach rehtaa hai. is ko :maf-ool: keh dete haiN aur yehee :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa aKhrab ziHaaf hai.

makfoof: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa :noon: yaa :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa :noon: nikaal deN to bil.tarteeb :faa-i-laat: aur :mu-faa-eel: bach rehte haiN. in ko mazkoora saalim arkaan ke makfoof ziHaafaat kahaa jaataa hai. ya'nee :faa-i-laat: makfoof ziHaaf hai :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa aur :mu-faa-eel: makfoof ziHaaf hai :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa.

meHzoof: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa :tun: aur :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa :lun: nikaal deN to bil.tarteeb :faa-i-laa: aur :mu-faa-ee: bach rehte haiN jin ko :faa-i-lun: aur :fa-oo-lun: keh dete haiN. yehee mazkoora saalim arkaan ke meHzoof ziHaafaat haiN.

ab is beHr kee taqtee' kee misaal pesh kee jaatee hai:

muddat huee hai yaar ko mehmaaN kiye hue
josh.e.qadaH se bazm charaaGhaaN kiye hue (Ghalib)

maf-ool faa-i-laat mu-faa-eel faa-i-lun

mudaat hu ee hai yaar ko mehmaaN ki ye hue
josh.e.qa daH se bazm charaaGhaaN ki ye hue

3.3.2: beHr.e.mazaara', musamman, aKHrab : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN aKhrab ziHaaf istaimaal kiyaa gayaa hai:

ham aap hee ko apnaa maqsood jaante haiN
apne sivaa'e kis ko mojood jaante haiN (Mir)

maf-oo-l faa-i-laa-tun maf-oo-l faa-i-laa-tun

ham aap hee ko apnaa maqsood jaante haiN

apne si vaa'e kis ko mojood jaante haiN

3.4: beHr.e.munsareH : yeh beHr apnee saalim shakl meiN kabhee istaimaal naheeN hotee hai aur na hee is kee musaddas (Chhe ruknee shakl) hee musta'mil hai. is ke arkaan yooN haiN:

mus-taf-i-lun maf-oo-laat mus-taf-i-lun maf-oo-laat

is beHr kee do (2) maqbool soorateN darj.e.zail haiN:

3.4.1: beHr.e.munsareH, musamman, mutawwee, marfoo' : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN mutawwee aur marfoo' ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istaimaal kiye gaye haiN. in ziHaafaat kee tafseel yooN hai:

mutawwee ziHaaf: agar :mus-taf-i-lun: meiN se Harf :fe: nikaal deN to sirf :mus-ta-i-lun: reh jaataa hai jis ko :muf-ta-i-lun: se badal dete haiN aur yehee mutawwee ziHaaf kehlaataa hai.

marfoo' : agar :maf-oo-laat: meiN se Harf :vav: nikaal deN to sirf :maf-u-laat: bach jaataa hai jis ko :faa-i-lun: keh dete haiN aur yehee mazkoora rukn kaa marfoo' ziHaaf hai.

ab aap is kee misaal dekhiye:

silsila.e.roz.o.shab naqshgar.e.Haadisaat
silsila.e.roz.o.shab asl.e.Hayaat.o.mumaat (Iqbal)

muf-ta-i-lun faa-i-lun muf-ta-i-lun faa-i-laat

silsila.e roz.o.shab naqshgar.e Haadisaat

silsila.e roz.o.shab asl.e.Hayaa t.o.mumaat

3.4.2: beHr.e.munsareH, musamman, mutawwee, manHoor: ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN saalim arkaan ke mutawwee aur manHoor ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istaimaal kiye gaye hoN. in ziHaafaat kee tafseel yooN hai:

mutawwee ziHaaf: jaisaa k ooper likhaa jaa chukaa hai :mus-taf-i-lun: kaa mutawwee ziHaaf :muf-ta-i-lun: hai aur :faa-i-laat: mutawwee ziHaaf hai :maf-oo-laat: kaa.

manHoor ziHaaf: agar :maf-oo-laat: meiN se :maf-oo: aur :te: nikaal deN to sirf :laa: reh jaataa hai. is ko :fa: se badal dete haiN aur manHoor ziHaaf kehte haiN.

aa k miree jaan ko qaraar naheeN hai
taaqat.e.bedaad.e.intizaar naheeN hai (Ghalib)

muf-ta-i-lun faa-i-laat muf-ta-i-lun fa

aa k miree jaan ko qa raar naheeN hai

taaqat.e.be daad.e.inti zaar naheeN hai

3.5: beHr.e.hazaj : yeh beHr Urdu shaa'iree meiN bohat maqbool aur aam hai. is kee musamman (aaTh ruknee) aur musaddas (Chhe ruknee) donoN shakleN istaimaal hotee haiN. is ke arkaan darj.e.zail haiN:

mu-faa-ee-lun mu-faa-ee-lun mu-faa-ee-lun mu-faa-ee-lun

is beHr kee chand misaaleN dekhiye:

3.5.1: beHr.e.hazaj, musamman, saalim : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN is ke saalim arkaan istaimaal hue haiN. misaal neeche likhee hai:

kisee ko de ke dil ko'ee navaa.saNj.e.fuGhaaN kyoN ho
na ho jab dil hee seene meiN to phir muNh meiN zubaaN kyoN ho (Ghalib)

mu-faa-ee-lun mu-faa-ee-lun mu-faa-ee-lun mu-faa-ee-lun

kisee ko de ke dil ko'ee navaa.saNj.e fuGhaaN kyoN ho

na ho jab dil hee seene meiN to phir muNh meiN zubaaN kyoN ho

3.5.2: beHr.e.hazaj, musamman, aKhrab : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN is ke rukn kaa aKhrab ziHaaf istaimaal huaa ho. aap ko yaad hogaa k is se qabl likhaa jaa chukaa hai k :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa aKhrab ziHaaf :maf-ool: hai. ab misaal dekhiye:

kuChh mauj.e.havaa pechaaN ae Mir nazar aayee
shaayad k bahaar aayee, zaNjeer nazar aayee (Mir)

maf-ool mu-faa-ee-lun maf-ool mu-faa-ee-lun

kuChh mauj.e havaa pechaaN ae Mir nazar aayee

shaayad k bahaar aayee zaNjeer nazar aayee

3.5.3: beHr.e.hazaj, musamman, ashtar : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN ashtar ziHaaf istaimaal kiyaa gayaa hai. agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: meiN se :meem: aur :ye: nikaal deN to :faa-i-lun: bachtaa hai jo :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa ashtar ziHaaf kehlaataa hai.

kehte ho na deNge dil ham ne gar paRaa paayaa
dil kahaaN k gum keeje ham ne mudd'aa paayaa (Ghalib)

faa-i-lun mu-faa-ee-lun faa-i-lun mu-faa-ee-lun
kehte ho na deNge dil ham ne gar paRaa paayaa
dil kahaaN k gum keeje ham ne mud d'aa paayaa

3.5.4: beHr.e.hazaj, musaddas, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh Chhe (6) ruknee shakl jis meiN meHzoof ziHaaf istaimaal kiyaa gayaa hai. is se pehle bataayaa jaa chukaa hai k :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai. misaal mulaaHiza farmaaiye:

havas ko hai nishaat.e.kaar kyaa kyaa
na ho marnaa to jeene kaa mazaa kyaa (Ghalib)

mu-faa-ee-lun mu-faa-ee-lun fa-oo-lun

havas ko hai nishaat.e.kaa r kyaa kyaa

na ho marnaa to jeene kaa mazaa kyaa

3.5.5: beHr.e.hazaj, musaddas, aKhrab, maqbooz, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh Chhe ruknee shakl jis meiN :mu-faa-ee-lun: ke aKhrab, maqbooz aur meHzoof ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istaimaal kiye gaye hoN. is se qabl kahaa jaa chukaa hai k :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa aKhrab ziHaaf :maf-ool: hai. agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :ye: nikaal deN to is kaa maqbooz ziHaaf :mu-faa-i-lun: bach rehtaa hai. is se qabl yeh bhee bataayaa jaa chukaa hai k :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai. ab aap misaal dekhiye:

dekhaa to voh gul havaa huaa hai
kuChh aur hee gul khilaa huaa hai (Nasim)

maf-ool mu-faa-i-lun fa-oo-lun

dekhaa to voh gul havaa huaa hai

kuChh aur hee gul khilaa huaa hai

3.5.6: beHr.e.hazaj, musaddas, aKhram, ashtar, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh Chhe ruknee shakl jis meiN :mu-faa-ee-lun: ke aKhram, ashtar aur meHzoof ziHaafaat istaimaal hue hoN. tafseel yooN hai:

aKhram: agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :meem: nikaal deN to :faa-ee-lun: bachtaa hai jis ko :maf-oo-lun: se badal dete haiN aur yehee aKhram ziHaaf hai.

ashtar: agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :meem: aur :ye: donoN nikaal deN to :faa-i-lun: bach jaataa hai jis ko ashtar ziHaaf kehte haiN.

meHzoof: ooper bataayaa jaa chukaa hai k :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai.

ab misaal dekhiye:

chillayee kon le gayaa gul
jhuNjhlaayee kaun de gayaa jul (Nasim)

maf-oo-lun faa-i-lun fa-oo-lun

chillaayee kaun le gayaa gul

jhuNjhlaayee kaun de gayaa jul

3.5.7: beHr.e.hazaj, musamman, aKhrab, makfoof, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meiN bil.tarteeb :mu-faa-ee-lun: ke aKhrab, makfoof aur meHzoof ziHaafaat istaimaal hue haiN. yaad rahe k aKhrab ziHaaf :maf-ool: hai aur meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai. agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa :noon: nikaal deN to :mu-faa-eel: bach jaataa hai aur yeh makfoof ziHaaf kehlaataa hai. misaal Haazir hai:

too dost kisee kaa bhee sitamgar na huaa thaa
auroN pe hai voh zulm k mujh per na huaa thaa (Ghalib)

maf-ool mu-faa-eel mu-faa-eel fa-oo-lun

too dost kisee kaa bhee sitamgar na huaa thaa
auroN pe hai voh zulm k mujh per na huaa thaa

3.6: iKhtitaamiya
Urdu shaa'iree kee buHoor ke zimn meiN abhee kehne ko bohat kuChh hai lekin meraa lekin jin buniyaadee baatoN kaa ilm hamaare liye zarooree hai voh taqreeban sab hee pesh kee jaa chukee haiN. ab zaroorat is baat kee hai k is ma'loomaat ko zehn meiN biThaayaa jaaye aur phir musalsal aur fikr.aamez istaimaal se is ko maaNjhaa jaaye taa.k hamaaree adabee aur she'ree koshisheN behter hoN
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