tum bhee rehne lage Khafaa saaheb (1)
kaheeN saaya miraa paRaa saaheb?

hai yeh baNda hee be.vafaa saaheb (2)
Ghair aur tum bhale! bhalaa saaheb?

kyoN ulajhte ho juNbish.e.lab se (3)
Khair hai? maiN ne kyaa kahaa saaheb?

dam.e.aaKHir bhee tum naheeN aaye (4)
baNdigee ab! k maiN chalaa saaheb.

kis pe bigRe the, kis pe Ghussa thaa? (q) (5)
raat tum kis pe the Khafaa saaheb?

kis ko dete the gaaliyaaN laakhoN (6)
kis kaa shab zikr.e.Khair thaa saaheb?

naam.e.ishq.e.butaaN na lo Momin (7)
keejiye bas Khudaa, Khudaa saaheb!

is Ghazal meiN saat (7) ash'aar (sing: sher) haiN aur her sher meiN do (2) 'misre' (lines) haiN. goyaa Ghazal ke sher kee takmeel ke liye do misre zarooree haiN.

yeh bhee dekhiye k Ghazal kaa her misra aik hee :lambaa'ee: kaa hai.is ko sher kee zubaan meiN yooN kaheNge k : her misra/sher aik hee beHr (=samundar) ya'nee meter meiN hai:. kaheeN se aik Harf nikaal deejiye to voh misra beHr se baahar ho jaayegaa (is ko : beHr se Kharij honaa kehte haiN). yeh nuqs Ghazal meiN yaksar naa.qaabil.e.qubool hai.
ab aap ooper dee huee istilaaHaat kee tashreeH mulaaHiza farmaaiye:

(a) radeef : voh lafz, tarkeeb yaa fiqra hai jo her sher ke doosre misre ke aaKhir meiN laaziman aataa hai. Momin kee Ghazal meiN radeef :saaheb: hai. voh Ghazal jis meiN radeef kaa ehtimaam kiyaa jaaye :muraddaf: Ghazal kehlaatee hai. Ghazal meiN radeef kaa istaimaal zarooree naheeN hai, HaalaaN.k beshtar log is kee paabaNdee karte haiN. aisee Ghazal jis meiN radeef kaa ehtimaam na ho :Ghair muraddaf: kehlaatee hai. misaal dekhiye:

yeh subH.o.shaam kee uljhan yeh roz.o.shab kee yaad
sunaa.ooN kyaa tumheN afsaana.e.dil.e.barbaad

jo aaye yaad to dil Doob Doob jaataa hai
jo us ko bhoolnaa chaahooN to aur aaye yaad!

maiN Khud ko DhooNDne niklaa to raasta na milaa
daleel.e.raah nazar thee miree, so be.buniyaad

Khayaal.o.Khwaab kee duniyaa hooN aur maiN :Sarwar:
umeed.e.daad hai mujh ko na shikva.e.be.daad

(Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:)

is Ghazal meiN radeef naheeN hai aur her sher ke doosre misre kaa aaKhree lafz :rhyme: kar rahaa hai (yaad, barbaad, buniyaad vaGhaira). aise alfaaz ko :qaafiya: kehte haiN.

(b) qaafiya (pl: qavaafee) voh lafz, tarkeeb yaa fiqra jo radeef se foran pehle aataa hai qaafiya kehlaataa hai. Momin kee Ghazal ke qavaafee :Khafaa, baRaa, bhalaa: vaGhaira haiN aur Sarwar kee Ghazal ke qavaafee : barbaad, yaad, buniyaad : vaGhaira haiN.

qavaafee ke liye in kaa :rhyme: karnaa shart.e.laazim hai. goyaa :non-rhyming: alfaaz aik hee Ghazal meiN ba.taur qavaafee istaimaal naheeN ho sakte haiN. yeh alfaaz (i.e., bhalaa, kahaa, Khafaa) :ham.qaafiya: kehlaate haiN.

(c) matla': matla' kaa matlab hai :tuloo' yaa shuroo' hone kee jagah:. matla' Ghazal ke pehle sher ko kehte haiN kyoN.k yaheeN se Ghazal kee ibtidaa hotee hai. Matle’ ke donoN misroN meiN qaafiye aur radeef kaa honaa zarooree hai; goyaa matle' ke donoN misre :ham.qaafiya: hote hain.

matle' ke ilaava doosre sab ash'aar ke pehle misre qaafiye ke paaband naheeN hote haiN. albatta sab :saanee: (doosre number ke) misroN kaa qaafiye kee paabandee karnaa laazimee hai.

Ghazal meiN aik se ziyaada matle' ho sakte haiN. is soorat meiN pehle matle' ko :matla.e.avval: yaa :matla'.e.oolaa: aur doosre ko :matla'.e.saanee: yaa :Husn.e.matla': kahaa jaataa hai. Momin kee Ghazal meiN sher #1 :matla'.e.avval: hai aur #2 sher :matla'.e.saanee: hai.

(d) maqta' (qata' yaa Khatm hone kee jagah): Ghazal ke aakhiree sher ko :maqta’: kehte haiN kyoN.k yahaaN aakar Ghazal Khatm ho jaatee hai. umooman shaa'ir maqte' meiN apnaa : taKhallus: (muKhtasar naam) Daal detaa hai. shaa'iree meiN ko'ee aisaa usool naheeN hai jo shaa'ir ko maqte' meiN taKhallus baaNdhne par majboor kare, magar beshtar sho'raa maqte mein apne taKhallus baaNdhte haiN aur is taraH Ghazal per apnaa :Thappa: lagaa dete haiN.

taKhallus kuChh bhee ho saktaa hai. ba'z shoraa apnaa naam hee taKhallus ke taur per istaimaal karte haiN aur ba'z ko'ee aur farzee naam is maqsad ke liye iKhtiyaar kar lete haiN, maslan : Asad-ullah Khan naam aur taKhallus Ghalib; Muhamaad Iqbal naam aur taKhallus Iqbal.

yahaaN per shaa'iree kee aik aur istilaaH :zameen: kee ta'reef. munaasib ma'loom hotee hai. Ghazal kee shanaaKht kaa aik zari'a radeef aur qaafiye ke ishtiraak se banaayaa gayaa hai, jise :zameeN: kehte haiN, maslan Momin kee Ghazal kee zameen :Khafaa saaheb, baRaa saaheb: hai. isee taraH Ghalib kee Ghazal :ko'ee din gar zindigaanee aur hai: kee zameen : zindigaanee aur hai, Thaanee aur hai: kahee jaayegee.

1.3: Ghazal kee Khusoosiyaat aur iltizaamaat

Ghazal doosree asnaaf.e.suKhan (nazm, rubaa'ee, qita', muKhammas vaGhaira) se sirf apnee hai'at (zaahiree shakl) kee vajh se hee mumtaaz naheeN hai, bal.k apne mazaameen, aur aNdaaz.e.bayaan meiN bhee munfarid hai.

Ghazal kaa her sher aik mukammal veHdat hotaa hai, ya'nee ko'ee sher apnee tashreeH aur vazaaHat ke liye kisee doosre sher kaa muHtaaj naheeN hotaa hai. chunaan.che Ghazal kaa aik sher Husn.o.ishq per, doosraa falsafa.e.Hayaat per, teesraa siyaasat per aur chauthaa duniyaa kee be.sabaatee per ho saktaa hai. doosre alfaaz meiN ham yeh keh sakte haiN k Ghazal kaa her sher apnee zaat meiN aik mukammal aur muKhtasar nazm hotaa hai. aur Ghazal ke tamaam ash'aar meiN Khayaal.o.mozoo' ke tasalsul aur yaksaaniyat kee shart laazimee naheeN hai.

Ghazal ke ash'aar meiN Khayaal aur mozoo' kee mazkoora aazaadee ko mua'ssar banaane ke liye zarooree hai k Ghazal ke Khayaal.o.mozoo' us ke mizaaj se ham.aahaNg hoN. Ghazal kee aik nihaayat ehm Khussoosiyat us kee :daaKhiliyat: (ya'nee Khayaalaat.o.meHsoosaat kaa shaa'ir kee zaat se paida honaa) hai. is liye shaa'ir kaa farz ho jaataa hai k voh her Khaarijee mazmoon (ya'nee aisee baat jo shaa'ir kee zaat se baahar ke muHarrikaat se pedaa huee ho) ko apnee fikr.o.zaat kaa aik Hissa banaa le aur unko yooN meHsoos kare jaise voh Khud unkaa shikaar rahaa hai.

is :daaKhiliyat: ke ilaava Ghazal kee be.panaah maqbooliyat kee aik aur vajh bhee hai: ya'nee sirf do misroN meiN baRe se baRaa mazmoon dilkash andaaz meiN adaa karne kee salaaHiyat! is Khusoosiyat ko : ijaz.o.iKhtisaar : (inimitability and brevity) kahaa jaataa hai. yehee sabab hai k Ghazal.go shaa'ir apnee taKhleeqaat meiN alaamaat, ishaare, tashbeehaat, isti'aare vaGhaira kasrat se istaimaal kartaa hai.

yeh zarooree naheeN hai k Ghazal kaa her sher hamesha hee alag alag mazmoon bayaan kare. yeh bhee ho saktaa hai k aik hee mazmoon ke muKhtalif pehloo pooree Ghazal meiN bayaan kiye gayee hoN. chunaanche Ghazal.e.musalsal aisee Ghazal ko kehte haiN jis meiN aik hee buniyaadee Khayaal yaa jazbe aur uskee jehtoN ko muKhtalif alfaaz.o.andaaz meiN bayaan kiyaa jaataa hai. Ghazal.e.musalsal kee misaal aik aisee maalaa yaa haar se dee jaa saktee hai jiskaa her daana aik hee Khayaal yaa jazbe kee tasbeeH paRhtaa nazar aataa ho. Hasrat Mohani kee mash'hoor Ghazal :chupke, chupke, raat din aaNsoo bahaanaa yaad hai: Ghazal.e.musalsal kee aChhee misaal hai.

Isee taraH do.Ghazla, jaisa k naam se zaahir hai, aisee do GhazaloN ke majmoo'e ko kehte haiN jo aik hee beHr aur zameen meiN matle' aur maqte' kee paabandee ke saath kahee gayee hoN.

ba'z auqaat shaa'ir apnee Ghazal ke beech meiN ka’ee aise ash'aar rakh detaa hai jo aik hee Khayaal adaa karte hoN. aise ash'aar ke 'giroh' ko :qita'-band: kahaa jaataa hai. umooman Ghazal meiN iss kee nishaan.dehee qite' ke pehle misre ke paas Harf :qaaf: likh kar kee jaatee hai taa.k qaaree mazmoon ke tasalsul, ravaanee aur maqsadiyat ko meHsoos kar sake. ooper dee huee Momin kee Ghazal meiN sher # 5, 6 aise hee qita' ke ash'aar haiN.

1.4: Ghazal kyaa hai?

ooper kee mufassil beHs ke ba'd is savaal kaa javaab k :Ghazal kyaa hai? : nisbatan aasaan ho jaataa hai:

Ghazal aise ash'aar kaa majmoo'a hai jo Khud do (2) misroN se tashkeel.pazeer hote haiN, aur jo radeef, qaafiye, matle' aur maqte' ke paabaNd hote haiN. Ghazal kaa her sher laaziman aik hee beHr meiN hotaa hai aur umooman apnee tashreeH ke liye doosre ash'aar kaa muHtaaj naheeN hotaa hai. vaise Ghazal meiN aik hee Khayaal ke muKhtalif pehloo bayaan karne ke bhee ijaazat hai.

1.5: chaNd baateN

iss marHale per aa kar aap ke zehn meiN chaNd savaal zaroor ubhre hoNge:

(1) beHr kyaa cheez hai? is kaa shaa'iree meiN kyaa maqaam hai? is ke ajzaa.e.tarkeebee kyaa haiN?

(2) Urdu shaa'iree meiN kitnee beHreN istaimaal hotee haiN? un ke naam kyaa haiN? un ko kaise pehchaanaa jaataa hai?

(3) yeh ma'loom karne kaa kyaa pemaana hai k aik Ghazal kon see beHr meiN hai?

(4) beHr ke ilm ko kyaa kehte haiN aur us ke buniyaadee anaasir (sing: unsar) kyaa haiN?

aai'ye ab ooper ke savaalaat kee roshnee meiN kuChh dilchasp nikaat per guftugoo kee jaaye:

taufeeq agar reh.bar.e.manzil naheeN hotee
me'raaj.e.muHabbat kabhee Haasil naheeN hotee! (Raz Chandpuri)

1.6: arooz kyaa hai?

Urdu shaa'iree meiN :beHr: kee ehmiyyat, aur is silsile ke doosre mazaameen per guftugoo se pehle :ilm.e.arooz: per muKhtasar beHs zarooree hai. yeh beHs shuroo' shuroo' meiN zehnee uljhan pedaa kar saktee hai. albatta is beHs kaa voh Hissa jis kee shaa'iree meiN zaroorat hotee hai ziyaada mushkil naheeN hai. jagah jagah misaaloN kee mojoodigee bhee is ko aasaan banaa saktee hai.

yeh to sab ko ma'loom hai k zabaaneN muKhtalif aavaazoN se mil kar bantee haiN. in aavaazoN ko adaa karne kee do (2) soorateN mumkin haiN:

(1) aavaazeN is taraH se adaa kee jaayeN k ba'z aavaazeN lambee ma'loom hoN aur ba'z ChhoTee sunaayee deN.

(2) aavaazeN is taraH se adaa kee jaayeN k ba'z aavaazoN kee adaayegee meiN ziyaada zor ma'loom ho aur ba'z meiN kam zor kaa istaimaal ho.

Urdu zabaan pehle giroh se ta'alluq rakhtee hai. ya'nee is meiN aavaazeN yaa to lambee sunaayee detee haiN yaa phir ChhoTee.

(a) ChhoTee aavaaz se voh aavaaz muraad hai jis meiN sirf aik (1) Harf sunaayee detaa hai.

(b) lambee aavaaz se voh aavaaz muraad hai jis meiN do (2) Huroof kee aavaaz sunaayee detee hai.

aavaazoN ke is farq ko samajhne ke liye lafz :arooz: ko hee leejiye. arooz kee hijje hai (ain, re, vav, zvaad): ain per 'zabar' hai aur zvaad 'saakin' hai ya'nee is ko zer, zabar, pesh se Harakat naheeN dee gayee hai. lafz :arooz: ko zabaan se adaa karne meiN pehle aik Harf (ya'nee 'ain') kee aavaaz :a: sunaayee detee hai. uske ba'd do (2) Huroof kee aavaaz (ya'nee rey aur vav se mil kar) :roo: sunaayee detee hai, aur aaKhir meiN aik aur Harf (ya'nee 'zvaad) kee aavaaz :z: kaanoN meiN paRtee hai.

chunaanche, ham yeh keh sakte haiN k lafz :arooz: aik ChhoTee, aik baRee aur phir aik ChoTee aavaaz se mil kar banaa hai. agar ham ChhoTee aavaaz ko 's' se aur baRee aavaaz ko 'l' se zaahir kareN to :arooz: kee alaamatee (symbolic) tarteeb yooN zaahir hogee: s-l-s.

isee taraH lafz :aroozee: ko alaamatoN ke zari'e yooN likhaa jaa saktaa hai: s-l-l ; kyoN.k is ko zabaan se adaa karne meiN aik ChhoTee aavaaz (ain se :a:), phir aik lambee aavaaz (re aur vav se mil kar :roo:), aur phir aik aur lambee aavaaz (zvaad aur ye se mil kar :zee:) sunaayee detee hai. apnee aasaanee kee Khaatir ham in aavaazoN ko :syllables: se ta'beer kar sakte haiN.

ooper kee baatoN kee roshnee meiN ilm.e.arooz kee muKhtasar aur jaame' ta'reef yooN ho saktee hai:

:arooz: us ilm kaa naam hai jis meiN zabaan aur sher kaa mutaal'ia aik Khaas tareeqe se kiyaa jaataa hai. ya'nee yeh k Urdu zabaan meiN aavaazeN kis namoone per jama' hotee haiN? alfaaz ko adaa karte vaqt jis qism kee aavaaz nikaltee hai voh 'lambee' hai yaa 'ChhoTee' ? kitnee lambee aavaazeN yakjaa ho saktee haiN? kitnee ChhoTee aavaazeN yakjaa ho saktee haiN? aur lambee aur ChhoTee aavaazoN kaa ba.yak vaqt ijtimaa' kis Had tak aur kis namoone per mumkin hai?

is ta'reef se ma'loom huaa k : arooz kaa buniyaadee kaam aavaazoN kee tarteeb aur unke namoonoN kaa mutaal'ia hai. kisee lafz kee aavaazoN kee tarteeb ko agar alaamatoN ke zari'e zaahir kiyaa jaaye to is ko :alfaaz kaa vazn zaahir karnaa: kahaa jaataa hai. maslan :arooz: kaa vazn hai :s-l-s:.

jab is tarteeb ko kisee namoone yaa tarkeeb (sher vaGhaira)) ke aHaate meiN Daal diyaa jaaye aur us pooree tarkeeb ke vazn ko mustaqil alaamatoN yaa namoonoN ke zari'e zaahir kiyaa jaaye to use mazkoora tarkeeb kee :taqtee': (te, qaaf, toe, ye, ain) karnaa yaa :beHr bayaan karnaa: kehte haiN. is kee tafseel aage aayegee.

is se pehle kahaa jaa chukaa hai k Urdu zabaan ke tamaam alfaaz aise haiN k un meiN se ba'z kee aavaaz lambee ma'loom hotee hai aur ba'z kee ChhoTee. isee taraH jitne bhee mumkin namoone yaa taraakeeb hamaaree zabaan meiN ban sakte haiN unkaa izhaar bhee ChhoTee aur baRee aavaazoN kee tarteeb ke zari'e amal meiN aataa hai.

yeh mumkin hai k ba'z aavaazeN aisee hoN jo likhne meiN ba.zaahir lambee dikhaa'ee detee haiN, lekin bolne aur paRhne meiN ChhoTee sunaayee detee haiN. aisee aavaazeN voh haiN jin ke aaKhir meiN : alif, vav, noon.e.Ghunna, ChhoTee ye, baRee ye, ChhoTee hey: meiN se ko'ee aik Harf hotaa hai. misaal ke tor par yeh misra dekhiye:

umeedeN GhareeboN kee bar laane vaalaa (Molana Hali)

is misre meiN lafz :kee: aur :ne: bazaahir lambe likhe gaye haiN, aur lambee aavaaz vaale nazar bhee aate haiN. lekin paRhne meiN donoN kee 'ye' dabaa'ee jaatee hai. ya'nee agarche 'kee' aur 'ne' meiN do (2), do (2) Huroof saath saath likhe gaye haiN lekin paRhne meiN aik hee Harf (kaaf zer :ki:) aur (noon zer :ne:) kee aavaaz adaa hotee hai. is taraH is misre kee tarteeb ko ooper likhee alaamaat ke zari'e yooN bayaan kiyaa jaa saktaa hai:

umeedeN GhareeboN kee bar laa ne vaalaa
s-l-l s-l-l s-l-l s-l-l

is nukte ko mazeed saaf karne ke liye agar ham :kee: aur :ne: ko un kee zaahiree lambee shakl meiN hee likheN aur alaamatee naqsha banaayeN to yooN likhnaa hogaa:

umeeden GhareeboN kee bar laa ne vaa laa
s-l-l s-l-l l-l-l l-l-l

aap is naqshe ko paRhiye to foran ma'loom ho jaayegaa k misra na sirf zubaan per ravaaN naheeN hai bal.k naa.mozooN bhee hai. is kee vajh yeh hai k ham ne :kee: aur :ne: ko masnoo'ee taur per voh aavaazeN dee haiN jo fitree bol.chaal ke Khilaaf haiN. lihaaza is misre kee saHeeH alaamatee shakl vohee hai jo ooper likhee jaa chukee hai ya'nee:
s-l-l s-l-l s-l-l s-l-l

ooper kee teHreer meiN ham ne :s: aur :l: ko alaamaat ke liye istaimaal kiyaa hai. yeh nizaam apnee baat samjhaane kee Had tak to Ghaneemat hai lekin shaa'iree meiN istaimaal karne ke liye aik behtar nizaam kee zaroorat hai. agar hamaare paas kuChh aise alfaaz mojood hoN jo Urdu ke tamaam alfaaz aur namoonoN ko alaamatee taur per adaa kar sakeN to yeh mushkil aasaan ho saktee hai.

Khush.qismatee se aisee alaamaat hamaare buzurgoN ne muddatoN pehle daryaaft kar lee theeN . chunaanche :ilm.e.arooz: meiN muKhtalif aavaazoN kee adaa'yegee kaa aik aur tareeqa istaimaal kiyaa jaataa hai jiss meiN aise farzee (dummy) alfaaz istaimaal kiye jaate haiN jo Urdu kee avaazoN kee tarteeb ke tamaam mumkin namoonoN ko zaahir kar sakte haiN.
aise alfaaz ko :afaa-eel' yaa :arkaan: (sing: rukn) kehte haiN. yeh afaa-eel (arkaan) ta'daad meiN sirf aaTh (8) haiN aur neeche likhe jaa rahe haiN:

(1) sabaa'ee afaa-eel: ya'nee voh arkaan jin meiN saat (7) Huroof hote haiN- in kee ta'daad Chhe (6) hai:

(a) ma-faa-ee-lun meeem, fey, alif, ain, ChhoTee ye, laam, noon

(b) faa-i-laa-tun fey, alif, ain, laam, alif, tey, noon

(c) mus-taf-i-lun meem, seen, tey, fey, ain, laam, noon

(d) maf-oo-laat meem, fey, ain, vaav, laam, alif, tey

(e) mu-ta-faa-i-lun meem, tey, fey, alif, ain, laam, noon

(f) ma-faa-i-la-tun meem, fey, alif, ain, laam, tey, noon


(2) Khamaasee afaa-eel : ya'nee voh afaa-eel jin meiN paaNch (5) Huroof hote haiN. yeh ta'daad meiN do (2) haiN:

(a) fa-oo-lun fe, ain, vav, laam, noon

(b) faa-i-lun fe, alif, ain, laam, noon

inheeN aaTh (8) afaa-eel (yaa arkaan) kee ulaT.pher se muKhtalif namoone bante haiN jin ko :beHr: kehte haiN. jo log Hindustani :claasical: mooseeqee kaa shoq rakhte haiN un ko ma'loom hai k us meiN sirf saat (7) suroN (sa, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, nee) se tamaam raag banaaye jaate haiN. taqreeban yehee soorat shaa'iree meiN afaa-eel (arkaan) aur beHroN kee hai.
in arkaan ke mutaali'e se zaahir hotaa hai k :aik ChhoTee, aik baRee, aur phir aik aur baRee: aavaazoN per mushtamil jo rukn banaayaa gayaa hai voh :fa-oo-lun: hai. chunaanche Molana Hali ke misre ko afaa-eel kee zabaan meiN yooN adaa kiyaa jaayegaa:

mu raa deN Gha ree boN kee bar laa ne vaa laa
fa-oo-lun fa-oo-lun fa-oo-lun fa-oo-lun

yehee naqsha is misre aur us nazm kee jis se yeh misra liyaa gayaa hai :beHr: hai. is beHr ko :beHr.e.muta'qaarib: kaa naam diyaa gayaa hai. jis tarah mooseeqee meiN raagoN ke naam kee ko'ee vajh.e.tasmiya naheeN hotee hai usee taraH shaa'iree meiN beHroN ke naam bhee sirf un kee shanaaKht ke liye diye gaye haiN aur un kee ko'ee vajh naheeN hai k kisee beHr ko us ke maKhsoos naam se hee kyoN pukaaraa jaataa hai.

1.7: afaa'eel (arkaan) aur un ke ziHaafaat

afaa'eel Urdu shaa'iree meiN beHroN ke :eeN'T aur gaare: kaa kaam dete haiN. yeh aaTh (8) afaa’eel (ma-faa-ee-lun, faa-i-laa-tun, mus-taf-i-lun, maf-oo-laat, mu-ta-faa-i-lun, ma-faa-i-la-tun, fa-oo-lun, faa-i-lun) apnee asl shakl meiN istilaaHan :saalim: kehlaate haiN. yeh beHroN meiN apnee saalim shakl meiN bhee istaimaal hote haiN aur aisee badlee huee shakloN meiN bhee musta’mil haiN jin ko :muzaaHif: kehte haiN. voh amal jis se muzaaHif banaaye jaate haiN :ziHaaf: kehlaataa hai.
saalim afaa’eel ko un ke ziHaafaat meiN tabdeel karne ke usool nihaayat mushkil aur pecheeda haiN aur un se vaaqifiyat zarooree bhee naheeN hai. albatta ziHaafaat kee pehchaan zarooree hai taa.k un kaa istaimaal shaa'iree meiN Theek taur per kiyaa jaa sake. neeche ziHaafaat banaane kee chand misaaleN dee jaatee haiN taa.k aap ko is amal kaa kuChh andaaza ho sake

1.8: ziHaafaat kee chand misaaleN

(1) :ma-faa-ee-lun: se :ma-faa-ee: aur :fa-oo-lun: se :fa-oo: nikaal diye jaayeN to :lun: bachtaa hai. is ko :fa': (fe, ain) se badal dete haiN aur aik rukn kee taraH istaimal karte haiN. goyaa :fa': aik muzaaHif hai :ma-faa-ee-lun: aur :fa-oo-lun: kaa.

is amal ko :batar: kehte haiN aur is se jo muzaaHif :fa': banaa hai us ko istilaaHan : abtar: kehte haiN.

(2) :fa-oo-lun: se Harf :fe: nikaal deN to :oo-lun: reh jaataa hai jis ko us kee muzaaHif shakl meiN :fa-lun: (fe, ain, laam, noon) keh dete haiN aur aik rukn ke taur per istaimaal karte haiN.

(3) :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa :tun:, :ma-faa-ee-lun: kaa :lun: yaa :fa-oo-lun: kaa :lun: nikaal deN to bil.tarteeb :faa-i-laa:, :ma-faa-ee: aur :fa-oo: bachte haiN. un ko muzaaHif meiN yooN badal dete haiN:

faa-i-laa-----> faa-i-lun
ma-faa-ee-----> fa-oo-lun
fa-oo-----> fa-al

in ziHaafaat ko istilaaHan :meHzoof: kehte haiN.

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